TOPIC 4 : MULTIMEDIA | ICS FORM 4
Multimedia Concepts
The Historical Development of Multimedia
Today multimedia might be defined as the seamless digital integration of text, graphics, animation, audio, still images and motion video in a way that provides individual users with high levels of control and interaction.
The evolution of Multimedia is a story of the emergence and convergence of these technologies.
Visionaries: From the ingenious idea of the programmable computer, trace the innovations of the outstanding thinkers that had a direct impact on the explosion of the technological age.
Text, Processing and Software: Inventions and innovations that spawned the development of software enabling computers to move from mathematical processing to technology that creates and delivers multi media.
Computers: From the printing press through the exclusive military and academic and corporate worlds trace computer development into the ubiquitous role of the desktop personal computer of today.
Audio & Communication: From the telegraph signal to cellular telephones, follow the development from signal transmission to digital transmission of voice
Video & Animation: From manually manipulated negative film and hand drawn sketches, video and animation develops to sophisticated digital creation and rendering of motion
Therefore, Multimedia is content that uses a combination of different content forms such as text, audio, images, animations, video and interactive content. Multimedia contrasts with media that use only rudimentary computer displays such as text-only or traditional forms of printed or hand-produced material.
FORM FOUR COMPUTER STUDIES TOPICS
TOPIC 1: MANAGEMENT OF DATABASE INFORMATION SYSTEM
TOPIC 2: PRESENTATION
TOPIC 3: DESKTOP PUBLISHING
TOPIC 4 : MULTIMEDIA
Multimedia can have a many definitions these include
Graphics
- A pictorial representation of data, as in computer-aided design and manufacture,
- In typesetting and the graphic arts, and in educational and recreational software.
COLOR DEPTH
- The number of distinct colors that can be represented by a piece of hardware or software. Color depth is sometimes referred to as bit depth because it is directly related to the number of bits used for each pixel. A 24-bit video adapter, for example, has a color depth of 2 to the 24th power (about 16.7 million) colors. One would say that its color depth is 24 bits.
- Also known as bit depth, is either the number of bits used to indicate the color of a single pixel, in a bitmapped image or video frame buffer, or the number of bits used for each color component of a single pixel. For consumer video standards, such as High Efficiency Video Coding (H.265), the bit depth specifies the number of bits used for each color component
IMAGE SIZE
- The width and height of a bitmapped image, measured in pixels.
- The size of a graphics file, measured in bytes.
TOPIC 1: MANAGEMENT OF DATABASE INFORMATION SYSTEM
TOPIC 2: PRESENTATION
TOPIC 3: DESKTOP PUBLISHING
TOPIC 4 : MULTIMEDIA
Webcam
Digital Camera
MIDI Music and MIDI Ports
Sound Card
Sound cards are used to record and play back analog audio, and most can also play back digital audio sources as well. When recording analog audio sources such as CDs, line in or microphone in, sound cards digitize the audio at varying sample rates and store files in either uncompressed forms such as WAV or compressed forms such as WMA or MP3
Most recent sound cards support 5.1 or 7.1 surround audio, and many sound cards also support digital stereo or surround audio playback standards via SPDIF ports. In recent years, sound cards have become less popular due to the popularity of onboard audio, but sound cards are preferred by users who create audio recordings.
Microphone
The Minimum Requirement for Multimedia
1. MULTIMEDIA HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
CPU Central Processing Unit (CPU) is an essential part in any computer. It is considered as the brain of computer, where processing and synchronization of all activities takes place. The efficiency of a computer is judged by the speed of the CPU in processing of data. For a multimedia computer a Pentium processor is preferred because of higher efficiency.
Monitor The monitor is used to see the computer output. Generally, it displays 25 rows and 80 columns of text. The text or graphics in a monitor is created as a result of an arrangement of tiny dots, called pixels. Resolution is the amount of details the monitor can render. Resolution is defined in terms of horizontal and vertical pixel (picture elements) displayed on the screen.
Video Grabbing Card We need to convert the analog video signal to digital signal for processing in a computer. Normal computer will not be able to do it alone. It requires special equipment called video grabbing card and software to this conversion process. This card translates the analog signal it receives from conventional sources such as a VCR or a video camera, and converts them into digital format.
Sound Card Today’s computers are capable of creating the professional multimedia needs. Not only you can use computer to compose your own music, but it can also be used for recognition of speech and synthesis. It can even read back the entire document for you. But before all this happens, we need to convert the conventional sound signal to computer understandable digital signals. This is done using a special component added to the system called sound card.
CD-Rom CD-ROM is a magnetic disk of 4.7 inches diameter and it can contain data up to 680 Megabytes. It has become a standard by itself basically for its massive storage capacity, faster data transfer rate. To access CD-ROM a very special d1rive is required and it is known as CD-ROM drive.
2. MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
Adobe CS4 Adobe CS4 is a collection of graphic design, video editing, and web development applications made by Adobe Systems many of which are the industry standard that includes
Adobe Dreamweaver Although a hybrid WYSIWYG and code-based web design and development application, Dreamweaver’s WYSIWYG mode can hide the HTML code details of pages from the user, making it possible for non-coders to create web pages and sites.WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) web development software that allows users to create websites with out using Html, everything can be done visually.
Adobe Fireworks A graphics package that allows users to create bitmap and vector graphics editor with features such as: slices, the ability to add hotspots etc.) for rapidly creating website prototypes and application interfaces.
Gimp Is an alternative to Photoshop and cheaper but not quite as good.
Google Sketchup SketchUp is a 3D modeling program designed for architects, civil engineers, filmmakers, game developers, and related professions.
Microsoft Frontpage As a WYSIWYG editor, FrontPage is designed to hide the details of pages’ HTML code from the user, making it possible for novices to easily create web pages and sites.
Apple Quicktime QuickTime is an extensible proprietary multimedia framework developed by Apple, capable of handling various formats of digital video, 3D models, sound, text, animation, music, panoramic images, and interactivity.
Photoshop Pro Adobe Photoshop, or simply Photoshop, is a graphics editing program developed and published by Adobe Systems. It is the current market leader for commercial bitmap and image manipulation software, and is the flagship product of Adobe Systems. It has been described as “an industry standard for graphics professionals”
Microsoft Powerpoint Powerpoint Presentations are generally made up of slides may contain text, graphics, movies, and other objects, which may be arranged freely on the slide.
Adobe Flash Player Adobe Flash (formerly Macromedia Flash) is a multimedia platform that is popular for adding animation and interactivity to web pages. Originally acquired by Macromedia, Flash was introduced in 1996, and is currently developed and distributed by Adobe Systems.Flash is commonly used to create animation, advertisements, and various web page Flash components, to integrate video into web pages, and more recently, to develop rich Internet applications.
Adobe Shockwave Adobe Shockwave (formerly Macromedia Shockwave) is a multimedia player program, first developed by Macromedia, acquired by Adobe Systems in 2005. It allows Adobe Director applications to be published on the Internet and viewed in a web browser on any computer which has the Shockwave plug-in installed.
Areas where Multimedia is Used
1. Advertising
- Print advertising
- Radio (audio) advertising
- Television (video) advertising
- Digital advertising Display Ads Remarketing Video Social Search
- Display Ads
- Remarketing
- Video
- Social
- Search
- Mobile advertising
2. Education
3. Mass Media
4. Gaming Industry
One of the most exciting applications of multimedia is games. Nowadays the live internet is used to play gaming with multiple players has become popular. In fact, the first application of multimedia system was in the field of entertainment and that too in the video game industry. The integrated audio and video effects make various types of games more entertaining.
5. Science and Technology
Multimedia had a wide application in the field of science and technology. It is capable of transferring audio, sending message and formatted multimedia documents. At the same time the it also helps in live interaction through audio messages and it is only possible with the hypermedia. It reduces the time and cost can be arranged at any moment even in emergencies
Sound and Video
The Concept of Sound and Audio
Audio Software
Software to record and edit audio is often referred to as a digital audio editor. High-end systems for professionals are also called digital audio workstations. Audio can consist of only spoken text, such as the narration of this video, or include music and other sound effects.
A digital audio editor typically contains functions for the following tasks: Record audio from a variety of different input sources Mix multiple tracks into one output track Apply effects, such as noise reduction and equalization, to improve the quality Edit sound clips by cutting out certain parts, switching the order of clips, etc.
Sound
Sound is one of the most important element of Multimedia. It is meaningful “speech” in any language, from a whisper to a scream. It can provide the listening pleasure of music, the Startling accent of special effects or the ambience of a mood setting background. Sound is the terminology used in the analog form, and the digitized form of sound is called as audio.
Animation
Animation is the process of making the illusion of motion and the illusion of change by means of the rapid succession of sequential images that minimally differ from each other. The illusion as in motion pictures in general is thought to rely on the phi phenomenon and beta movement, but the exact causes are still unclear.
There are some forms of animation that do not feature a rapid succession of sequential images, but these are usually not considered “true” or “full” animation. For instance, the physical movement of image parts through simple mechanics in magic lantern slides and the movement of the projector (the magic lantern) in phantasmagoria provided popular moving picture shows.
Animators are artists who specialize in the creation of animation. Animation can be recorded with either analogue media, a flip book, motion picture film, video tape, digital media, including formats with animated GIF, Flash animation, and digital video. To display animation, a digital camera, computer, or projector are used along with new technologies that are produced.
Elements of Audio
Services include:
- The creation of professional quality video productions for instruction and demonstration;
- Live event webcasting; and
- Live-linking with major broadcast networks
- Consulting services on the uploading and delivery of recorded digital content for streaming and to university servers and websites; and
- Consulting support on the creation of accessible digital media, such as transcribing and captioning, in accordance with current legislation.
How to Extract Frames from Video with High Quality
- In this sub topic you will learn how you can extract frames from video and also figure out how you can save them in a specific format. You will have the ability to harness the power of video editing and access the tools that you always needed all so that you can extract frames immediately and with great results.
HOW TO EXTRACT FRAMES FROM VIDEO WITH WONDERSHARE FILMORA
1. Import your video clip
2.Extract frames from video
3.Save your frames
The concept of video editing
Choosing the best shots and footage to go into the final output
Creating the flow of the narrative by arranging and rearranging scenes
Adding effects, filters and additional elements such as CGI
Video editing software
How to use video editing software?
- The best video editor for beginners is Wondershare Filmora. Let see some use:
Select Clips in the Media Library
- Select one media file: click a thumbnail.
- Select multiple media files: press and hold [Ctrl], and then click the thumbnails you want.
- Select a sequence of media files: click the first thumbnail in the sequence, press and hold [Shift], and then click the last thumbnail in the sequence.
- Note: You can locate the media file directly by searching its name in the Search bar
Delete Media Clips from the Media Library
- In the Library, right click the clip and select DELETE.
- Note: When you delete a clip from the library, only the reference is deleted not the actual clip. All the clips still remain in their original location since they are just referenced in the Media Library. You can still find the file in the location where it is stored.
Add Clips to a Video/PIP Sequence in the Timeline
- Do one of the following to add clips to the Timeline panel in Filmora:Drag and drop the thumbnail of the media file in the media library panel to the Timeline.
- Choose target, right click to ADD CLIP or APPLY TO PIP.
- Tips: Automatically the file will be dropped at the very beginning of the video track. When you drag and drop the next one that will be sticking to the previous file automatically. It is designed to prevent the black frames from generating after exporting the video.
- What’s more, for better arranging your clips, Wondershare Filmora allows you to add up to 10 PIP tracks.
Delete Clips from Timeline
Do one of the following:
- Right click a clip and select DELETE
- Select a clip and hit the DELETE buttonin the menu section or the Delete button on the keyboard
Video Compression
Video compression is the process of encoding a video file in such a way that it consumes less space than the original file and is easier to transmit over the network/Internet. It is a type of compression technique that reduces the size of video file formats by eliminating redundant and non-functional data from the original video file.
Video compression is performed through a video codec that works on one or more compression algorithms. Usually video compression is done by removing repetitive images, sounds and/or scenes from a video. For example, a video may have the same background, image or sound played several times or the data displayed/attached with video file is not that important. Video compression will remove all such data to reduce the video file size.
There are two kinds of compression:
- lossy
- Lossless.
1. Lossy Compression
Lossy compression means that the compressed file has fewer data in it than the original file. In some cases, this translates to lower quality files, because information has been “lost,” hence the name. However, you can lose a relatively large amount of data before you start to notice a difference.
Lossy compression makes up for the loss in quality by producing comparatively small files. For example, DVDs are compressed using the MPEG-2 format, which can make files 15 to 30 times smaller, but viewers still tend to perceive DVDs as having high-quality pictures.Most video that is uploaded to the internet uses lossy compression to keep the file size small while delivering a relatively high-quality product.
2.Lossless Compression
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