PHASES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF GOBALIZATION
What is globalization?
Globalization: refers to the situation of increasing of world interconnection and interdependence of various aspects of life which include social, political, technological and economical aspects.
However globalization it has made the world be as a single village because of increase in networking system among the global aspects of life. Normally globalization has integrated the different aspects of the world into a global village.
It involves integration of economy, politics, culture, science and technology among nations. The process of globalization is largely facilitated by rapid advancement of science and technology.
PHASES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF GOBALIZATION
Normally globalization is not new phenomenon in the world. The global increase in interconnection and interdependence in the world of social, political and economic aspects started as far back since the period of European mercantilism (1500-1750) and has continued up to the present.
However globalisation on its development in the world has passed through fifth (5) stages up to present and those are:-
1. The first phase/Mercantile period 15-18th century
This period developed from 15th to 18th Century. During this period the European merchants crossed their borders to other parts of the world like Africa Asia and Latin America for trade purpose.
The event of slave trade and the exportation of Africans from their continent to other continents especially from Africa to America has made Europen societies to make far going vessels as the fastest means of transport by that time, All these activities were the manifestation of globalization by that time.
2. The second phase/ industrial period 1850- 1914 (19th -20th century
This was the period when Britain was a world workshop and super power. By that time there are other European countries discovered the knowledge of industrialization like France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Portugal, Span and Netherlands.
Under this situation the European industrialized countries tried their level best to make sure that their manufactured goods had to have full access to the market easier both internal and external markets as well as making world exploration
About finding raw materials, cheap labours and area for investment by using modern invented cars, ships and train towards the different parts of the world, hence this period has be interpreted as the indicator of globalization.
3. The third phase/ inter war period 1914-1945
This was the phase which was developed between the first world war (1914 -1918) and the Second World War (1939- 1945). Normally this period was accelerated also globalization in that period and after that time the the world become more and more interlinked at the economic, social and political aspects.
In this period there is high need for rapid transport and cheapest communication system hence this has led to the emergence of globalisation. For example, USA assisted the war ruined economy of Western European nations from collapsing.
4. The fourth phase 1945-1980’s
This was the period after the end of the second world war and the emergence of the new global political and economic system. In this period USA extended an economic recovery programme (Marshal Plan) to Western European countries.
USA and European countries become closer allies not only economical but also politically since both of them were capitalists. In the 1980s there was a historical point of departure. The international politics not only posed economic and social transformation but also nation’s balance of power.
However in this time there is Socialism and capitalism ideologies divided the world into two antagonistic camps, namely the capitalist block led by USA and the socialist bloc led by Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR). This was during Cold war period that lasted from 1945 to early 1990s.
5. The fifth phase
This was the period From early 1990s socialism fell in Russia (the first socialist nation in the world). This paved way to the rapid spread of capitalist ideologies among different countries of the world.
Since the early 1990s globalization has quickly touched the entire World in terms of advancement of science and technology. All these changes have brought together people from all different nations of the world to operate and work together as one village.
