Home GEOGRAPHY 10 PHOTOGRAPHY READING AND INTERPRETATION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

10 PHOTOGRAPHY READING AND INTERPRETATION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

A photograph is an image or a picture of an object which is recorded by a camera and then printed on a paper.

Photograph interpretation is a process of reading, measuring and interpreting photographs for obtaining reliable information about natural or human features and their environment.

In other words, photograph interpretation can be defined as analysis and examination of photographs so as to be able to identify natural or artificial features.

1. Study the following photograph then answer the questions that follow

a. With example from a photograph give the meaning of photograph reading

b. With evidence from the photograph briefly explain three zones/parts of photograph above

c. At what time was the photograph taken?

d. Mention the natural and cultural features shown on the photograph

e. Name the animal shown on the photograph

f. Suggest the title of photograph

g. With evidence identify the main economic activity taking place on the photographed area

h. Mention contribution of economic activity taking place in the area in Tanzania.

ANSWERS:

a. Photograph reading is the recognition of natural and manmade features shown on the photograph. Example of manmade feature is tourist vehicle shown at the fore ground while natural features include giraffe at the foreground and vegetation seen from the foreground toward the background.

b. Three parts of photograph are

• Foreground is the front area nearest to the camera; features seem bigger and visible from the bottom to the top. Example giraffe and tourist vehicle are found at the foreground.

• Middle ground is the area between the background and foreground; the features appear moderate in size than the foreground but bigger than those at the background. Example vegetation is found in this part.

• Background is the furthest area from the camera and may include horizon, features appear too small than those found at the fore and middle ground of the photograph. Example vegetation is found at this zone.

c. The photograph was taken during the morning. Because the shadows of giraffe and tourist vehicle lie western part of the area hence a photographer was standing against the sun at the right hand side

d. The natural features shown on the area are giraffe, sky, vegetation and tourists. While cultural feature shown on the area is tourist vehicle found at the fore ground behind the giraffe.

e. The animal shown on the photograph is Giraffe.

f. The title of the photograph is tourism. Due to the presence tourists in the special tourist vehicle viewing the giraffe.

g. The main economic activity taking place on the area is tourism activity. Due to the presence tourists in the special tourist vehicle viewing the giraffe.

h. Tourism has the following contribution in Tanzania

• It is source of employment. For example tour guides and drivers are employed in this sector

• It is source of national income. When tourists come they pay some money to the government hence we get revenues

• It facilitates development of infrastructures like roads and railway

• It facilitates environmental conservation.

2. Study the following photograph then answer the questions that follow

i. With evidence suggest type of photograph

ii. Name type of transport shown on the photograph

iii. Mention three characteristics of photograph shown

iv. Identify economic activity taking place on the area shown on the photograph

iv. Suggest the season when the photograph was taken

v. Mention four man-made features and two natural features shown on the photograph

vi. Outline four disadvantages of activity taking place on the area

ANSWER:

a. The type of photograph is horizontal photograph. Because the scale of photograph decreases from the fore ground toward the background even the size of features decrease from the fore toward the back ground. Also it shows front view of objects like the building

b. The type of transport shown is air transport. Due to the presence of an aero plane at the fore ground and the name of the airport known as WELCOME TO JULIUS NYERERE INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT.

c. Three characteristics of the photograph given include

• It shows front view of an object

• Scale of photograph decreases from the foreground toward the back ground

• It is taken horizontally toward the objects

d. Economic activity taking place on the area is transportation. This can be evidenced due to the presence of an aero plane at the foreground.

e. The photograph was taken during dry season. Because the sky is seen bright implying that there was no any indicator of rainy

f. Man-made features shown on the area are car, building, posters like that of tigo and an airplane found at the foreground. But natural features include grasses at the foreground and bright sky at the background.

g. An activity taking place on the area has the following disadvantages

• It is expensive as it needs much money to afford for it

• It is suitable for transporting heavy raw materials and goods like iron

• It is affected by weather condition like mist and strong prevailing winds

3. Study the following photograph then answer the questions that follow

i. Name an event taking place on geographical area

ii. Mention three causes that lead to the occurrence of the event above

iii. Mention four effects caused by the event taking place in our environment

iv. What should be done to eliminate the event taking place in the area

ANSWERS:

a. The event taking place is bush fire. Due to the presence of burning fire on the forest

b. Three causes of the event taking place can be

• Volcanic eruption

• Lightings

• Agricultural activity (preparation of farms)

c. Four effects caused by an event taking place on the area are

• Loss of biodiversity, as wild animals and valuable plant species are burned

• It leads to desertification, when vegetation are burned the area remain without trees

• It causes air pollution, some gas like carbon monoxide are produced and added into the atmosphere

• It leads to shortage of rain.

4. Study the following photograph then answer the questions that follow

i. Name the environmental problem shown on the area

ii. Mention an activity that accelerate this problem

iii. Outline four effects resulted from this environmental problem

iv. Suggest ways that can be used to reduce this problem in our environment

ANSWERS:

a. Environmental problem shown is Air pollution

b. An activity that accelerate this problem is industrial activity due to the presence of chimney giving out heavy smoke

c. Four effects resulted from environmental pollution are

• It causes respiratory diseases like lung disease

• It causes global warming, when this gas destroy ozone layer

• It leads to acid rain

• It leads to insufficient of clean air like oxygen

d. Ways that can be used to reduce the problem are

• Enacting strong rules and policies, so that industrial owner should ensure that industries do not destroy the environment

• There should be total combustion in engines to reduce production of greenhouse gases

• Diversification of economy, other economic activities should be established to avoid over dependency on manufacturing industries

5. Study the following photograph then answer the questions that follow

i. Name an activity taking place on the area

ii. Suggest the title of photograph shown

iii. Suggest the position of photographer

iv. Describe four contribution of an activity you have mentioned in (a) above in economic development

v. What are the three environmental problems caused by an activity

vi. Pinpoint three problems facing an activity taking place on the photograph

vii. Mention three regions in Tanzania where this photograph might have been taken.

ANSWERS:

a. An activity taking place on the area is transportation activity. Due to the presence of train that transport people and goods from one place to another

b. The title of the photograph is Railway transport. This can be evidenced due to the presence of railway station and train at the middle ground.

c. The position of photographer was at front view. Because the features vary in size from the front toward the back ground.

d. Transportation has the following contribution in economic development

• It facilitates development of trade

• It encourages development of tourism

• It is source of national income; the government gets money for transporting people and goods.

• It creates employment to the people; people are employed as driver and managers of trains.

e. Three environmental problems caused by an activity include

• Air pollution because, train produce smoke that is added onto the atmosphere

• Deforestation; trees are cut down so as to construct railway line

• Loss of biodiversity; when trees are cut down some plant species disappears and some wild animals die.

f. Problems facing transportation sector include

• Shortage of capital for maintaining railway line

• Physical barriers like mountains transportation difficult

• Low level of technology

g. The photograph might have been taken in the following regions

• Mwanza

• Kigoma

• Tabora

• Dodoma.

6. Study the following photograph then answer the questions that follow

i. Name the process that has taken place on the area shown

ii. What are the four effects of an activity that has taken place on the area

iii. Mention four factors that accelerate the occurrence of this activity

iv. Describe the scale of photograph

v. Suggest type of climate that will occur when this activity will continue in this geographical area

vi. Suggest two measures that can be taken to eradicate this problem.

ANSWERS:

a. The process that has taken place is deforestation. Due to the presence of residuals of trees that have cut down and some of them being burned.

b. The effects of deforestation includes

• It leads to soil erosion

• It causes desertification

• It leads to loss of biodiversity

• It leads to scarcity of rain

c. Deforestation is facilitated by the following factors

• Lumbering activity, due to high demand of timbers

• Bush fire that burn even young trees

• Mining activities that clear down trees to get area for extracting minerals

• Expansion of human settlement caused by rapid population growth, hence trees have been cut down to get area for establishing new settlement

d. The scale of the photograph is not constant therefore decrease from the fore ground toward the back ground. Hence the features found at the fore ground are large in size than those found at the middle and back ground.

e. The climate that will occur when this activity will continue in this geographical area is desert climate. Because the area will experience scarcity of rainfall for a long time due to absence of vegetation that influence formation of rain.

f. Two measures that can be taken to eradicate this problem of deforestation include

• Provision of environmental education to the people. People should told the truth on the disadvantages of cutting down without planting new species

• Law should be enacted so that those who cut down are to be imprisoned or fined.

• The use of alternative energy source like electricity, biogas and solar energy for cooking instead of using charcoal and fire wood.

7. Study the following photograph then answer the questions that follow

i. Describe relief of the area

ii. At what time was the photograph taken? Give reasons

iii. Name a natural catastrophic that has taken place on the area

iv. Mention three effects caused by the catastrophic that has taken place on the area

v. Mention two cities in Tanzania where this catastrophic takes place frequently

vi. Mention three factors that have contributed to the occurrence of the catastrophic on the area

ANSWERS:

a. Relief of the area is lowland (plain) as no hills can be seen on the area. Also presence of flooding is evidence that the area is located on plain surface because these areas are mostly affected by this catastrophic. Plain landscape has settlements at the middle ground and few vegetation at middle and back grounds

b. The photograph was taken during the evening, because the shadow of houses and vegetation lie at right hand side.

c. The catastrophic that has taken place on the area is flooding.

d. Three effects caused by catastrophic include

• Loss of life, some people are killed especially when flooding occur during the night

• Destruction of properties like houses and food

• Spread of diseases like cholera and malaria

e. Two cities in Tanzania where this catastrophic take place frequently are

• Dar es salaam

• Mwanza

• Dodoma

f. Three factors that have contributed to the occurrence of the catastrophic on the area can be

• Nature of relief, the area is located low land hence it is a center where water collects from highland areas

• Heavy rain

• Poor sewage system

8. Study the following photograph then answer the questions that follow

i. Suggest the type of vegetation shown on the area

ii. Mention three characteristics of vegetation shown on the area

iii. Suggest suitable type of photograph

iv. With evidence suggest the suitable climate of the area

vi. Mention four importance of vegetation shown on the photograph

vii. Briefly explain how vegetation shown can increase fertility into the soil

viii. Comment on the nature of soil on the area

ANSWERS:

a. The type of vegetation shown on the area is artificial vegetation. Because the forest has single plant species and it is planted by human being in rows

b. Three characteristics of vegetation shown on the area are

• It is planted by human being

• There is single plant species

• All plants are of the same size

c. The type of photograph is low oblique photograph. This can be evidenced as more than one side view of plants is shown; it is taken at an elevated angle less than 60o.

d. The suitable climate of the area is equatorial climate. Due to the presence of dense forest this implies that the area receives heavy rainfall throughout the year that enables the growth of vegetation.

e. Vegetation shown on the area have the following advantages

• They lead to the formation of rain

• They reduce the rate of soil erosion

• They provide habitats for wild animals like monkey

• They are source of clean air like oxygen

• They are source of building materials like timbers when harvested

f. Vegetation shown can increase fertility into the soil when they shed off their leaves, the leaves decompose or decay to form organic matter having various nutrients needed for growth of plants hence through this fertility is added into the soil.

g. The nature of soil on the photographed area is fertile soil. Because, fertile soil leads to the growth of dense forest as the nutrients found in the soil enable fast growth of vegetation unlike to the areas with no fertility.

9. Study the following photograph then answer the questions that follow

i. Name the volcanic feature shown on the area

ii. Explain how the feature you have named in (a) above is formed

iii. Mention four conditions necessary for the occurrence of this feature

iv. Mention three importance of this feature

v. Mention two areas in east Africa where this feature can be found

ANSWERS:

a. The volcanic feature is Geyser

b. The feature is formed when hot water found with the ground is forced out by high pressure to rise at high level from the ground.

c. Condition necessary for the occurrence of this feature are

• There should be high pressure to push out water

• There should be hot rocks within the ground to heat underground water

• There should be cave or cavern for storing infiltrated water from rain

• There should be cracks and joints within the ground to allow surface water to sink down.

d. Three importance of this feature are

• It attracts tourists

• Hot water from geyser are used as medicine to cure some diseases

• Water from geyser are used as source of heat in areas with extreme cold condition

e. Two areas in east Africa where this feature can be found are

• Mara region in Tanzania

• Lake Bogoria in Kenya

• Kilimanjaro region in Tanzania

10. Study the following photograph then answer the questions that follow

i. Comment on distribution of vegetation on the area

ii. Identify type of environmental problem shown at the fore ground

iii. Mention three causes of the type of environmental problem shown on the area

iv. Mention three measures that should be taken to alleviate the problem shown above

v. Suggest the type of photograph given

vi. State the scale of photograph given above

ANSWERS:

a. Vegetation on the photographed area is unevenly distributed, the back ground has vegetation because the area has fertile soil but the middle and fore grounds have no vegetation because the area is polluted or poisoned hence can’t support the growth of plants.

b. Environmental problem shown at the fore ground is Land pollution. This can be evidenced due to the presence of unwanted materials like plastic and bottles dumped on the land at the fore and middle grounds.

c. Causes of land pollution includes

• Dumping of domestic wastes like bottles

• Industrial residuals like plastic materials

d. Three measures that can be taken to alleviate land pollution are

• Enacting laws where by those who pollute the environment should be imprisoned or fined

• Provision of environmental education to the people, so that people can be aware on the importance of protecting environment from destruction

• Wastes should be burned in incinerators without causing air pollution

e. The type of photograph is ground level photograph. Because the scale of photograph decreases from the fore toward the back ground, therefore the features vary in size from the fore toward the back ground. Also it shows front view of an objects shown on the photograph

f. The scale of photograph is not uniform because features shown on the photographed area decrease in size from the fore ground toward the back ground.

a. The cultural feature shown at the fore ground is Ship.

b. The type of transport taking place on the area is water transport. This can be evidenced due to the presence of huge marine vessel (ship) at the foreground that has carried people.

c. Two economic activities that can take place on the area include

• Transportation; due to the presence of marine vessel (ship) at the foreground where people are found within it. This justifies that there is the movement of people and goods from one place to another via water transport

• Fishing activity; this can be evidenced due to the presence of water body at the fore and back ground where people can fish.

d. The natural feature shown at the fore ground is water (water body)

e. The natural feature (water) found at the fore ground has the following advantages

• Water is used for domestic purposes like cooking, drinking and washing

• Water is used for irrigation especially during dry season

• It facilitates development of manufacturing industries as water are needed for cooling machine parts

• It leads to the formation of rain due to high rate of evaporation from water bodies

• It enables development of marine transport

• It is habitat for aquatic organisms like fish and crocodiles

f. The type of transport (water transport) in (b) above has the following advantages

• It is suitable for transporting breakable goods like mirrors

• It is cheap