10 BEST PHOTOGRAPHY READING AND INTERPRETATION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Photographs are the true image pictures showing truly appearance of the earth’s surface objectives on the flat bodies of special pieces of paper taken with the use of a camera and chemically printed.
Or Are the pictorial representations of the remote sensed data recorded on film in a camera then chemically printed on special pieces of paper.
With respect to the definition given, photography is produced as the image of the object captured and recorded with a camera on a light sensitive film.
1. Study the following photograph then answer the questions that follow
i. Name the cultural feature shown at the fore ground
ii. Identify the type of transport taking place on the area
iii. Suggest two economic activities that can take place on the area
iv. Name the natural feature shown at the fore ground
v. Mention four importance of the natural feature found at the fore ground
vi. Mention four importance of type of transport you have mentioned in (b) above
vii. Mention two regions in Tanzania where this photograph might have been taken
ANSWERS:
a. The natural feature shown at the fore ground is water (water body)
b. The natural feature (water) found at the fore ground has the following advantages
• Water is used for domestic purposes like cooking, drinking and washing
• Water is used for irrigation especially during dry season
• It facilitates development of manufacturing industries as water are needed for cooling machine parts
• It leads to the formation of rain due to high rate of evaporation from water bodies
• It enables development of marine transport
• It is habitat for aquatic organisms like fish and crocodiles
c. The type of transport (water transport) in (b) above has the following advantages
• It is suitable for transporting breakable goods like mirrors
• It is cheap
• It is not affected by physical barriers
• It is not affected by traffic congestion
d. Two regions in Tanzania where this photograph might have been taken include; Mwanza, Mara, Dar es salaam, Kagera, Kigoma and Geita.
2. Study the following photograph then answer the questions that follow
i. With evidence suggest the type of photograph
ii. Name the water body running from the fore ground toward the back ground of the photograph
iii. Mention four importance of the feature you have named in (b) above
iv. Describe the settlement patterns shown on the area
v. Name the channel that have diverged from the main water body before joining it at the next part, and give two factors that have facilitated this divergence of channel.
vi. Comment on population distribution on the area
ANSWERS:
a. The type of photograph is high oblique photograph. Because, it has covered large area, it shows more than one side view of an object but also it is taken at an elevated angle less than 90o and more than 60o.
b. The water body running from the foreground toward the back ground is a river.
c. The water body (river) named in (b) above has the following importance
• It provides water for domestic purposes like cooking to the people residing at the left fore ground as well as right fore ground
• It provides water in the industries for cooling machines
• It leads to the formation of rain
• River facilitates fishing activity; people residing nearby this river can fish and get food
d. Settlement patterns depicted on the area is nucleated settlement at the left hand side of the area where houses are built closely to each other. Nucleated settlement pattern on the area is facilitated by the presence river at the middle foreground that is very potential and multipurpose water body. Also scattered settlement pattern is seen at the right foreground where houses are located far away from one another.
e. The channel that has diverged from the main river is called Yazoo stream. Divergence of this feature is caused by the following factors
• Nature of rocks; soft rocks are eroded easily leading to the divergence of miner channel
• Velocity of water, the force and speed of moving water erodes soft rocks leading to the formation of new minor channel at the middle ground.
f. Population of the area is unevenly distributed, some parts have high population but some areas have no any population. Example there is high population at the left foreground this is due to the presence river as well as moderate vegetation while at the right foreground there is low population but at the background there is no any population because the area has many vegetation that brings difficulties in establishing settlements but also people afraid from being caught by dangerous animals.
3. Study the following photograph then answer the questions that follow
i. Name the dominant features shown on the photograph
ii. Explain how the features you have mentioned are formed
iii. Mention two factors that facilitate the formation of the features you have mentioned in (a) above
iv. Suggest the suitable climate of the area
v. Mention two importance of feature shown on the area
vi. Describe relief of the area
vii. Suggest the season when the photograph was taken
viii. Name an animal that can survive in this area
ix. Mention three countries in Africa where this photograph might have been taken
ANSWERS:
a. The dominant features shown on the area are sand dunes (barchans)
b. barchans
c. the factors that facilitate the formation of sand dunes are
• prevailing winds
• presence of obstacles
d. The suitable climate of the area is desert climate. Because the area lack vegetation and has the features formed in the desert area.
e. features found on the area have the following advantages
• They attract tourists
• They are building materials
• They are used for field study
f. The relief of the area is both flat and mountainous landscape. Flat landscape is found at the fore and middle ground covered by sand dunes while mountainous landscape is covered by hill at the back ground.
g. The photograph was taken during the dry season. Because the sky is very bright with no any indicator of rain.
h. The animal that can survive in this area is camel
i. The countries in Africa where this photograph might have been taken are Egypt, Namibia and Chad
4. Study the following photograph then answer the questions that follow
i. With two evidences suggest the type of photograph
ii. Describe relief of the area
iii. Mention five factors that have facilitated the growth of this settlements
iv. Describe type of settlement shown on the area
v. Identify settlement pattern depicted on the area shown on the photograph
vi. Mention three significance of houses found on the photograph
vii. At what time was the photograph taken?
viii. Which region in Tanzania this photograph might have been taken
ANSWERS:
a. The type of photograph is high oblique photograph. Because it shows more than one side view of features like houses, also it covers large area than horizontal and low oblique photograph.
b. The relief of the area is both flat landscape and mountainous landscape. Flat is found at the fore and middle grounds and some parts of the back ground. The flat landscape is covered by nucleated houses, roads, airfield and little vegetation while mountainous landscape is covered by hill found at the Centre back ground occupied by some vegetation and few buildings.
c. The growth of settlement on the area is facilitated by the following factors
• Relief of the area. People are interested to reside on flat that on steep slope hence this has attracted many people to establish settlement
• Availability of good infrastructures like roads that enables movement of people from one place to another.
d. The type of settlement shown is urban settlement. Due to the presence of many buildings covering large area. Also presence of good infrastructures like roads and airfield at the center middle ground.
e. The dominant settlement pattern shown on the area is nucleated settlement pattern. Because all houses found on the area are closely to each other.
f. Houses found on the area have the following importance
• They are source of government revenue. When people pay 1000 Tanzanian shillings per month as house tax.
• They are used as habitats for dwellers of the area shown
• They are used for religious activities. Due to the presence of mosque at the center fore ground.
• They are used for administrative activities
g. The photograph was taken during the noon. Because the shadows of buildings along the road are short and lie around them. This justifies the photograph was taken when the sun was vertically overhead.
h. The region in Tanzania where this photograph might have been taken is Dodoma
5. Study the following photograph then answer the questions that follow
i. Name the main feature shown on the area
ii. Explain how the feature you have mentioned in (a) above is formed
iii. Name the feature at the base occupied by water
iv. Explain how the feature you have mentioned in (c) above is formed
v. With evidence identify the nature of rocks found on the area
vi. Mention three significance of the feature you have mentioned in (a) above
ANSWERS:
a. The main feature shown on the area is Water fall
b. Water fall is formed when a layer of hard rock lies on top of a layer of soft rock. As river passes on the layer of hard rock, the soft rock below is eroded quickly to form a steep slope in the river bed. Plunge pool forms at the base of the water fall.
c. The feature at the base occupied by water is called Plunge pool
d. Plunge pool is formed when water that falls from steep cliff erodes soft rocks found at the base of the cliff. As erosion continues the hollow is formed at the base of the cliff. Therefore the hollow formed is called plunge pool and it’s occupied by water.
e. The nature of rocks found on the area is both soft and hard rocks. The hollow at the base of the cliff has soft rocks that are easily eroded thus is why the depression is formed while the upper layer of the cliff has hard rocks thus is why it is not eroded by the force of moving water.
f. Importance of water fall
• It attracts tourists hence the government get income
• It leads to the formation of other features like plunge pool.
6. Study the following photograph then answer the questions that follow
i. At what time was the photograph taken?
ii. Which activity is taking place on the area?
iii. Explain four reasons why an activity taking place on the area is most encouraged by the government and non government organizations?
iv. What are the consequences of not implementing an activity taking place on the area
v. Identify type of soil shown on the photograph
vi. Identify the cultural feature found at the back ground of the photograph
vii. Describe relief of the area
ANSWERS:
a. The photograph was taken during the noon. Because the shadows of young plants and people lie around them, this means that the photograph was taken when the sun was vertically overhead.
b. The activity taking place on the area is afforestation. This can be evidenced due to the presence of police officers planting young plants at the fore and middle grounds of the area shown on the photograph.
c. The activity taking place on the area is encouraged because
• It prevents soil erosion by stabilizing the soil
• It leads to the formation of rain
• Trees gives us clean air like oxygen
• Afforestation enables us to get building materials like timbers etc.
d. The consequences of not implementing an activity taking place on the area include
• Soil erosion will occur, because the soil will become loose hence easily to be carried away by rain water
• shortage of rain
• shortage of clean air like oxygen
• There will be shortage of building materials like timbers
e. The type of soil shown on the area is sandy soil.
f. The cultural feature found at the back ground is building.
g. The relief of the area is flat landscape. The flat area is covered by buildings at the background some vegetation at the middle ground and young planted trees at the fore ground.
7. Study the following photograph then answer the questions that follow
i. Which activity is taking place on the area
ii. Describe five significance of an activity taking place on the area in our country
iii. Briefly, explain how an activity taking place on the area preserve the environment
iv. Name the animals depicted on the photograph
v. Mention two products resulted from the animals you have mentioned in (d) above
vi. Outline four problems facing an activity taking place in (a) above
ANSWERS:
a. The activity taking place on the area is sedentary livestock keeping. Due to the presence of cattle in the shed
b. Significance of an activity taking place on the area in our country include
• It is source of national income when people sell beef in and outside of our country earn some money
• Creation of employment to the people because some people have employed themselves in keeping animals so when they sell them they earn some money. Hence this reduce the problem of unemployment to the people
• It facilitates development of other industries like shoes industry as skins from cow are used as raw materials for making shoes.
• It gives us milk which is used by people as protein in human body.
• It facilitates development of trade; because milk and beef are highly needed by people.
c. The activity taking place on the area preserve the environment from destruction because cattle are kept in shed so they don’t cause soil erosion as well as destroying young vegetation. In addition the end products obtained from them are used as manure for supporting the growth of plants.
d. The animals depicted on the photograph are cows/cattle
e. Two products resulted from cows are
• Milk
• skin
• meat/beef
f. four problems facing an activity taking place in(a) above are
• shortage of capital for management
• pests and diseases; some time animals are killed when lack vaccine
• unstable market
• climate change; this leads to shortage of pastures because increase of temperature cause occurrence of drought condition
8. Study the following photograph then answer the questions that follow
i. Identify the feature formed at the fore ground
ii. Explain how the feature you have named in (a) above is formed
iii. Describe the factors that influence the occurrence of this feature
iv. What are the three effects that will be brought by this feature at its banks
v. What should be done to reduce the formation of this feature in our environment
ANSWERS:
a. The feature formed at the fore ground is Gully
b. Gully is formed as a result of prolonged soil erosion when many rills join together to form large depression.
c. The factors that influence the occurrence of the feature are
• Nature of rocks, loose rocks are eroded easily than compacted rocks
• Absence of vegetation; rocks with no vegetation become loose and can be easily eroded by water or wind and finally cause the formation of gully
• Relief of the area; gullies are commonly found on steep and gentle slopes as the velocity of water on the slope is high at the same time carry out loose rocks toward the lowland areas leading to the formation of hollows.
d. Three effects that will be brought by this feature at its banks include
• Destruction of properties like houses found at the banks of the valley
• Deforestation, as erosion continues trees become unstable and fall down example at the middle ground trees have felt into the valley
• Loss of plant species; this is caused by deforestation
e. The formation of gullies can be reduced through
• Planting trees so as to make the ground stable
• To avoid deforestation
9. Study the following photograph then answer the questions that follow
i. Name an illegal activity that has taken place on the area
ii. Mention three effects that can be caused by an activity shown on the area
iii. Mention three areas in Tanzania where this illegal activity may occur
iv. Mention two measures that can be taken to alleviate an illegal activity shown on the area
v. Name the wild animal shown on the photograph
ANSWERS:
a. An illegal activity that has taken place is poaching
b. Two effects caused by an activity are
i. Decline of tourism
ii. Decline of national income generated from tourism
c. The areas in Tanzania where this activity may take place are
a. Serengenti national park due to the presence of wild animals like elephant
b. Mikumi national park
c. Tarangire national park
d. Serous national park
d. Two measures that can be taken to alleviate this problem are
i) Provision of education on the importance of protecting our natural resources like wild animals
ii) To enact laws where poachers should be imprisoned or fined
e. The wild animal shown on the area is an elephant
10. Study the following photograph then answer the questions that follow
i. With evidence suggest the type of photograph
ii. Name three features formed due to wave erosion
iii. Describe relief of the area shown on the photograph
iv. Mention two wave depositional features depicted on the area
v. Comment on distribution of vegetation depicted on the area
ANSWERS:
a. The type of photograph is low oblique photograph. Because the picture is taken at an elevated angle, also it shows more than one side view of the object. Example the roof of houses found at the middle ground are seen as well as the front side too.
b. Three features formed due to wave erosion include
i. Cliff. This is the wall of rock, it is seen at the right middle ground of the area shown on the photograph
ii. Natural arch. There is an opening hole to the next side of the cliff at right middle ground
iii. Stuck. There is an isolated rock at the right middle ground of the area
c. The relief of the area is both lowland landscape and gentle landscape. Lowland is seen at the left middle ground covered by houses and water body is seen at Centre and right middle ground. The gentle landscape is seen at the background having some houses and vegetation.
d. Wave depositional feature depicted on the area is beach. At the foreground covered by sands
e. Vegetation is unevenly distribution, some area has vegetation while others not. For example at the right and center middle ground there is no many vegetation because of the presence of settlement therefore trees were cut down to get area for establishing houses and at the right middle ground there is water body that do not support trees to grow in it. Vegetation is found at the left background due to the presence of fertility soil and there is few human settlements
